Nei precedenti articoli abbiamo affrontato l’argomento delle Smart Cities in maniera generale (potete trovarlo qui) e in maniera approfondita uno dei suoi pillar: lo Smart Living (potete trovarlo qui), oggi approfondiremo lo SMART MOBILITY E LO SMART ENVIRONMENT e le loro tecnologie abilitanti.
I tre pillar, come abbiamo già detto, sono: LIVING, MOBILITY E ENVIRONMENT, ciascuno di questi può essere declinato e rappresentato da una serie di famiglie tecnologiche abilitanti.
Abbiamo definito delle categorie tecnologiche e ciascuna di questa nel corso di questo articolo verrà analizzata più approfonditamente andando ad identificare quelle che sono le tecnologie/soluzioni hardware e software che la caratterizzano.
SMART MOBILITY
Per questo ambito ci si riferisce alla famiglia di tecnologie per la mobilità intelligente, applicabile a tutta la città. Lo possiamo dividere in: E-MOBILITY, MOBILY SHARING, TRASPORTO PUBBLICO E INFRASTRUTTURE.
- E-MOBILITY: In ambito urbano si sta sempre più affermando un paradigma basato sull’utilizzo sempre maggiore di veicoli elettrici, permettendo di ridurre in modo considerevole le emissioni locali all’interno della realtà cittadina.
- MOBILITY SHARING: Soprattutto per quanto riguarda le grandi città caratterizzate dalla presenza di un adeguato sistema di trasporto pubblico, si assiste sempre più alla progressiva scomparsa del veicolo di proprietà in favore di paradigma basato sulla combinazione di utilizzo di trasporti pubblici e di servizi di mobility sharing per effettuare il trasporto di “ultimo miglio”.
- PUBLIC TRANSPORT: Per quanto riguarda il trasporto pubblico l’evoluzione di infrastrutture si sta sviluppando lungo due direttrici principali: la prima di queste riguarda il potenziamento e l’ampliamento dei servizi pubblici, introducendo nuove linee di metropolitana e di mezzi di superficie. La seconda riguarda invece la trasformazione in ottica green del proprio parco veicoli, sostituendo i veicoli più inquinanti a diesel con altri a metano o elettrici.
- INFRASTRUCTURE: Lo sviluppo di un’adeguata infrastruttura si rivela fondamentale per abilitare pienamente il paradigma dell’e-mobility, senza la quale risulta particolarmente difficoltoso usufruire dei veicoli elettrici a causa della loro attuale autonomia limitata.
SMART ENVIRONMENT
In questo ambito ci riferiamo alla famiglia di tecnologie per una gestione ottimale dei consumi energetici sia a livello termico che elettrico. In questo caso abbiamo quattro sottocategorie: RINNOVABILI, SMART GRID & STORAGE, TELERISCALDAMENTO E WASTE MANAGMENT.
- RENEWABLE: In ambito urbano, si sta assistendo sempre di più all’affermazione di quello che viene definito “il paradigma prosumer”, si vede l’utente non più come pure consumatore ma anche come attore attivo nella prodizione di energia elettrica.
- SMART GRID & STORAGE: Per questa tematica l’avvento della generazione distribuita ha comportato la necessità di aumentare la digitalizzazione della rete di distribuzione, al fine di far pronte a flussi di energia elettrica di tipo bidirezionale e alla produzione tipicamente intermittente che caratterizza gli impianti rinnovabili.
- DISTRICT HEATING: Il teleriscaldamento si sta sviluppando sempre di più, all’interno delle città, con l’obiettivo di fornire calore per il riscaldamento invernale. In particolare alcune reti di teleriscaldamento utilizzando il calore recuperato da alcuni processi industriali, permettendo di abbattere i consumi di energia, determinando non solo cospicui risparmi in termini economici, ma contribuendo in modo sostanziale alla tutela dell’ambiente.
- WASTE MANAGEMENT: Ad oggi, sono in fase di sviluppo diverse soluzioni che sfruttano la tecnologia IOT al fine di ottimizzare i costi della raccolta dei rifiuti per operatori ecologici e pubbliche amministrazione e allo stesso tempo incentivare i cittadini a una gestione più consapevole dei propri scarti, generando un beneficio anche per l’ambiente.
Con questo articolo vi abbiamo spiegato tutto ciò che concerne l’argomento spiegazione dei tre pillar e le loro tecnologie abilitanti delle smart cities, nel prossimo vi porteremo degli esempi delle Smart cities in Italia.
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